{durio_zibethinus.htm, 2020-09-20, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, Liu2 lian2, Durian}
https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&sout=1&q=site:nswong.50webs.com/durio_zibethinus.htm, Durio zibethinus, (Google thumbnail, 谷歌縮圖)
https://www.google.com/search?nfpr=1&filter=0&q=durio_zibethinus.htm, Durio zibethinus, (Google webpage search, 谷歌網頁搜索)
https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&nfpr=1&filter=0&sout=1&q=durio_zibethinus.htm, Durio zibethinus, (Google image search, 谷歌圖片搜索)
https://www.google.com/search?nfpr=1&filter=0&q=plant_photo_malaysia.htm, Malaysia plant photo, 馬來西亞植物照片
http://www.hotspotimage.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=18611, Durio zibethinus, (Hot Spot Image, 熱點影像)
https://photos.smugmug.com/2016-Year-of-the-Durian/n-KfrMVT/i-kpWTCPc/0/XL/i-kpWTCPc-XL.jpg, Durio zibethinus, (yearofthedurian)
, Durio zibethinus{durio_zibethinus.htm, 2020-09-20, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, Liu2 lian2, Durian}
{Photo link, 照片鏈接, durio_zibethinus.htm, 2020-09-20, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, Liu2 lian2, Durian}
http://nswong.50webs.com/07011009.jpg, Durio zibethinus, (xinying8998)
http://i804.photobucket.com/albums/yy321/nswong/durio_zibethinus_xinying8998.jpg, Durio zibethinus, (xinying8998)
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-K67jnmgnJ5Q/Tmq9RTy7jmI/AAAAAAAAGAY/pgPS0_zAMHY/s1600/D24.BUAH2.jpg, Durio zibethinus d24, 蘇丹王, (animhosnan)
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AndVdREQvm0/W0Lc1CJeDqI/AAAAAAAAFYM/WkmkVfkNS2ckMOtNtI1CECmDlDwfv0A3wCLcBGAs/s1600/durian_d99.jpg, Durio zibethinus d99, Kop kecil, (belangtarung)
http://cdn.ieatishootipost.sg/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/D123-Chanee.jpg, Durio zibethinus d123, Chanee, (ieatishootipost)
https://previews.123rf.com/images/ccccherdchai/ccccherdchai1509/ccccherdchai150900070/44553568-durian-tree-and-durian-monthong-fruit-in-thailand.jpg, Durio zibethinus d159, 金枕头, (123rf)
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FtxAqAvx5Sc/WnVfkFzrEMI/AAAAAAAAKcw/A-tkTW8sX2kqxBnW1p7JQ7AUYvZ2UUCGQCLcBGAs/s1600/1.jpg, Durio zibethinus d159, 金枕头, (beritatvmalaysia)
https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0076/4339/8233/products/durian.jpg, Durio zibethinus d159, 金枕头, (thai-food-online)
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LeRRaRydc_o/V8qau1N7DlI/AAAAAAABE4E/bIuVx0rP_oIoOSwPPE_lfjpVMHRzgRS3QCLcB/s1600/cepat1a.jpg, Durio zibethinus d197, 貓山王, (erva-doce)
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vNGVFvw5_mQ/Tjde8-n2fwI/AAAAAAAAEa0/dmNJ2gu-ByE/s1600/DSCN0395.JPG, Durio zibethinus d197, 貓山王, (hangaraj)
http://cdn.ieatishootipost.sg/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/D197-Mao-Shan-Wang.jpg, Durio zibethinus d197, 貓山王, (ieatishootipost)
http://cdn.ieatishootipost.sg/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Star-Shape2.jpg, Durio zibethinus d197, 貓山王, (ieatishootipost)
https://photos.smugmug.com/2016-Year-of-the-Durian/n-KfrMVT/i-kpWTCPc/0/XL/i-kpWTCPc-XL.jpg, Durio zibethinus d197, 貓山王, (yearofthedurian)
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aa-Q9oXxAdY/USrnAxhE-6I/AAAAAAAAIFs/b6QPwCuKH_w/s1600/P7252095-1.jpg, Durio zibethinus, D197 貓山王, D24 蘇丹王, (yearofthedurian)
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o5i52wNO2kE/USrro-zrfyI/AAAAAAAAIGM/YgAP7AO-svk/s1600/P7251890-1.jpg, Durio zibethinus, D197 貓山王, D24 蘇丹王, (yearofthedurian)
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HuVLZ1FrG00/V5slZnfPdwI/AAAAAAAByqA/C8Y_HWhBrIQNG0VzxQghbGgpX28cm80HACLcB/s1600/780704233077018760.jpg, Durio zibethinus, D200 黑刺榴连, D197 貓山王, (nanyangpost)
{Photo link, 照片鏈接, durio_zibethinus.htm, 2020-09-20, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, Liu2 lian2, Durian}
{Scientific name, 學名, durio_zibethinus.htm, 2020-09-20, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, Liu2 lian2, Durian}
Durio zibethinus: Durio zibethinus(accepted)(200,000)
{Scientific name, 學名, durio_zibethinus.htm, 2020-09-20, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, Liu2 lian2, Durian}
{English name, 英文名, durio_zibethinus.htm, 2020-09-20, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, Liu2 lian2, Durian}
Durio zibethinus d100: Khaw
Durio zibethinus d123: Chanee(4112)
Durio zibethinus d13: Low-grade red prawn
Durio zibethinus d132: Eddie special
Durio zibethinus d135: Foo fatt
Durio zibethinus d145: Berserah
Durio zibethinus d145: Cheh kak
Durio zibethinus d145: Green durian
Durio zibethinus d145: Green skin
Durio zibethinus d146: Golden mud
Durio zibethinus d157: Seerang
Durio zibethinus d158: Gan yau
Durio zibethinus d158: Kan yao
Durio zibethinus d158: Kan yau
Durio zibethinus d158: Kan you
Durio zibethinus d158: Long stalk(11)
Durio zibethinus d158: Long stem
Durio zibethinus d159: Golden pillow(2440)
Durio zibethinus d159: Mon thong(3232)
Durio zibethinus d159: Monthong(5750)
Durio zibethinus d160: Green bamboo
Durio zibethinus d160: Tekka
Durio zibethinus d163: Hor lor
Durio zibethinus d164: Ang bak
Durio zibethinus d164: Red flesh
Durio zibethinus d165: Cheh chee
Durio zibethinus d165: Green rruit
Durio zibethinus d168: I0i
Durio zibethinus d168: Ioi
Durio zibethinus d168: Muar gold
Durio zibethinus d17: Coffee durian
Durio zibethinus d172: Thornless
Durio zibethinus d173: Siew
Durio zibethinus d175: Ang hea
Durio zibethinus d175: Red prawn(22)
Durio zibethinus d181: Ghani
Durio zibethinus d187: Saddam
Durio zibethinus d188: Mdur 78
Durio zibethinus d188: Mdur78
Durio zibethinus d189: Mdur 79
Durio zibethinus d189: Mdur79
Durio zibethinus d190: Mdur 88
Durio zibethinus d190: Mdur88
Durio zibethinus d197: Mao shan wang(6690)
Durio zibethinus d197: Musang king(25900)
Durio zibethinus d198: Golden phoenix
Durio zibethinus d198: Jin feng
Durio zibethinus d198: Kim hong
Durio zibethinus d200: Black thorn
Durio zibethinus d200: King of king
Durio zibethinus d200: Ochee
Durio zibethinus d200: Ochi
Durio zibethinus d200: Orchi
Durio zibethinus d24: Sultan(49400)
Durio zibethinus d92: Biancheng
Durio zibethinus d98: Katoi
Durio zibethinus d99: Gob(75300)
Durio zibethinus d99: Kop(87000)
Durio zibethinus phytophthora palmivora: Stem canker disease
Durio zibethinus recommend: D24 d99 d197
Durio zibethinus website: 50webs atwebpages
Durio zibethinus: Civet fruit
Durio zibethinus: Durian(104002)
{English name, 英文名, durio_zibethinus.htm, 2020-09-20, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, Liu2 lian2, Durian}
{Chinese name, 中文名, durio_zibethinus.htm, 2020-09-20, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, Liu2 lian2, Durian}
Durio zibethinus d101: 紅肉榴蓮
Durio zibethinus d101: 红肉
Durio zibethinus d123: 坚尼(5370)
Durio zibethinus d123: 青尼(1300)
Durio zibethinus d145: 青皮
Durio zibethinus d148: 霹靂王
Durio zibethinus d152: 青蛙
Durio zibethinus d158: 干尧
Durio zibethinus d158: 干耀
Durio zibethinus d158: 长柄
Durio zibethinus d158: 长柄榴莲
Durio zibethinus d159: 金枕头(3310)
Durio zibethinus d159: 金枕頭(3370)
Durio zibethinus d160: 猫山后
Durio zibethinus d160: 竹脚
Durio zibethinus d160: 青竹
Durio zibethinus d163: 葫芦
Durio zibethinus d164: 坤宝红肉
Durio zibethinus d164: 红肉
Durio zibethinus d166: 早花黄肉
Durio zibethinus d168: 柔佛黃金
Durio zibethinus d168: 柔佛黄金
Durio zibethinus d168: 麻坡金
Durio zibethinus d175: 紅蝦(17)
Durio zibethinus d175: 红虾(18)
Durio zibethinus d194: 卡拜
Durio zibethinus d197: 猫山王(38901)
Durio zibethinus d197: 貓山王(9571)
Durio zibethinus d198: 金凤
Durio zibethinus d2: 拿督尼娜
Durio zibethinus d200: 黑刺(9)
Durio zibethinus d24: 苏丹王(37000)
Durio zibethinus d24: 苏丹(85600)
Durio zibethinus d24: 蘇丹王(35800)
Durio zibethinus d88: 橙肉
Durio zibethinus d99: 小山岳
Durio zibethinus phytophthora palmivora: 溃疡病
Durio zibethinus: 榴梿(5631)
Durio zibethinus: 榴槤(5261)
Durio zibethinus: 榴莲(9714)
Durio zibethinus: 榴蓮(11703)
Durio zibethinus: 流連
{Chinese name, 中文名, durio_zibethinus.htm, 2020-09-20, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, Liu2 lian2, Durian}
{Malay name, 馬來文名, durio_zibethinus.htm, 2020-09-20, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, Liu2 lian2, Durian}
Durio zibethinus d101: Durian mas
Durio zibethinus d111: Emas enggang
Durio zibethinus d112: Emas perak
Durio zibethinus d113: Raja petani
Durio zibethinus d114: Kampun
Durio zibethinus d116: Durian batu
Durio zibethinus d117: Durian gombak
Durio zibethinus d118: Tembaga
Durio zibethinus d119: Durian ganjil
Durio zibethinus d120: Manong
Durio zibethinus d123: Durian chanee(271)
Durio zibethinus d125: Kop jantung
Durio zibethinus d133: Durian rambutan
Durio zibethinus d145: Berserah(86)
Durio zibethinus d145: Beserah
Durio zibethinus d145: Durian hijau
Durio zibethinus d145: Tuan mek hijau(42)
Durio zibethinus d146: Lempur mas
Durio zibethinus d146: Lumpur mas
Durio zibethinus d147: Paya lintah kuning
Durio zibethinus d148: Durian paduka
Durio zibethinus d148: Paduka
Durio zibethinus d149: Pulut emas
Durio zibethinus d150: Empang mas
Durio zibethinus d151: Kancong darat
Durio zibethinus d152: Katak
Durio zibethinus d155: Sir kaya
Durio zibethinus d158: Tangkai panjang(30)
Durio zibethinus d159: Bantal mas(1381)
Durio zibethinus d160: Buluh bawah
Durio zibethinus d162: Tawa
Durio zibethinus d163: Labu(13)
Durio zibethinus d164: Isi merah
Durio zibethinus d166: Balik palau
Durio zibethinus d167: Buaya
Durio zibethinus d168: Durian mas
Durio zibethinus d168: Hajah hasmah(13)
Durio zibethinus d168: Hajjah hasmah
Durio zibethinus d168: Mas hajah hasnah
Durio zibethinus d168: Mas hjh hasmah
Durio zibethinus d168: Mas muar
Durio zibethinus d169: Tok li tok
Durio zibethinus d169: Tok litok(30)
Durio zibethinus d169: Toklitok
Durio zibethinus d170: Kepala babi
Durio zibethinus d171: Durian sg. sut
Durio zibethinus d172: Botak
Durio zibethinus d174: Haji sani
Durio zibethinus d175: Udang merah(106)
Durio zibethinus d176: Kuning
Durio zibethinus d180: Penang bintang
Durio zibethinus d183: Kop besar
Durio zibethinus d184: Titi kerawang
Durio zibethinus d185: Pikat
Durio zibethinus d186: Nasi kunyit terengganu
Durio zibethinus d188: Mdur 78
Durio zibethinus d189: Mdur 79
Durio zibethinus d190: Mdur 88
Durio zibethinus d194: Gabai
Durio zibethinus d195: Raja hutan
Durio zibethinus d196: Simpang permata
Durio zibethinus d197: Durian kunyit(1610)
Durio zibethinus d197: Raja kunyit(4670)
Durio zibethinus d198: Durian kim hong
Durio zibethinus d199: Durian bola 828
Durio zibethinus d2: Dato nina
Durio zibethinus d200: Duri hitam(11)
Durio zibethinus d200: Durian hitam
Durio zibethinus d205: Durian lipur
Durio zibethinus d24: Bukit merah(568001)
Durio zibethinus d24: Sultan(51700)
Durio zibethinus d33: Sakai
Durio zibethinus d38: Hj. abu
Durio zibethinus d53: Sungai pinang
Durio zibethinus d66: Raja
Durio zibethinus d99: Kop kecil(4821)
Durio zibethinus: Durian(38429)
{Malay name, 馬來文名, durio_zibethinus.htm, 2020-09-20, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, Liu2 lian2, Durian}
{Article, 文章, durio_zibethinus.htm, 2020-09-20, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, Liu2 lian2, Durian}
[2020-09-20, Malaysia durian variety, 马来西亚 榴莲 品种, (Malaysia department of agriculture, 马来西亚 农业部)]
http://pvpbkkt.doa.gov.my/DataDurian/Durian.php
Durio zibethinus d24, 蘇丹王
http://pvpbkkt.doa.gov.my/GmbrDurian/D24/Viewer.php
Durio zibethinus d99, Kop kecil
http://pvpbkkt.doa.gov.my/GmbrDurian/D99/Viewer.php
Durio zibethinus d123, Chanee
http://pvpbkkt.doa.gov.my/GmbrDurian/D123/Viewer.php
Durio zibethinus d159, 金枕头
http://pvpbkkt.doa.gov.my/GmbrDurian/D159/Viewer.php
Durio zibethinus d197, 貓山王
http://pvpbkkt.doa.gov.my/GmbrDurian/D197/Viewer.php
[2020-09-20, Malaysia durian variety, 马来西亚 榴莲 品种, (Malaysia department of agriculture, 马来西亚 农业部)]
[2020-03-22, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (animhosnan)]
http://animhosnan.blogspot.com/2015/02/durian-varieti-kop-kecil-d99.html
Di negara asal Thailand terdapat 8 varieti Durian KOB ini iaitu Kob Champ, Kob Hemaraj, Kob KKum. Kob Lab, Kob Mae Too, Kob Pang, Kop Picum dan Kob Takhom.
Bagaimana pun di Malaysia hanya dua jenis kob sahaja yang telah dipopularkan berdasarkan kepada kesesuaian dan juga permintaan iaitu Kon Kecil dan Kob Besar.
Kob Kecil mempunyai berat buah sekitar 1.0 - 2.5 kg sebiji semantara Kob Besar saiz buahnya adalah sekitar 3.0 - 7.0 kg sebiji.
[2020-03-22, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (animhosnan)]
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (wikipedia)]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durian
Thai varieties
Mon Thong is the most commercially sought after, for its thick, full-bodied creamy and mild sweet-tasting flesh with relatively moderate smell emitted and smaller seeds, while Chanee is the best in terms of its resistance to infection by Phytophthora palmivora.
The durian seeds, which are the size of chestnuts, can be eaten whether they are boiled, roasted or fried in coconut oil, with a texture that is similar to taro or yam, but stickier.
Uncooked durian seeds are potentially toxic due to cyclopropene fatty acids and should not be ingested.
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (wikipedia)]
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (scribd)]
https://www.scribd.com/document/422997610/Boosting-Durian
Generally, selfing resulted in lower yields and poorer fruit quality.
The selfed fruits were misshapened and distorted, with a fresh weight decrease of 33-50%
They produced heavier rind that is of uneven thickness.
They had lower number of arils, 2 (1-4 range) per fruit, lower seed number, lower total seed weight, more shrunken, dysfunctional seeds and comparatively poorer flesh quality.
Valmayor et al., (1965) reported that self pollination resulted in no fruit set and that the self-incompatible clones produced fruit only when they were crossed.
They found that when unopened flowers of these clones were cross-pollinated a high percentage of fruit set ranging from 87.3-90% was obtained, and lower percentages of 53-75% were achieved with fully opened flowers.
They attributed this to the shorter distance the pollen tubes had to travel in the style to reach the ovules in unopened flowers.
Soepadmo and Eow (1977) in Malaysia found that up to 50% of the flowers of the test tree were self-compatible.
They found that cross-pollination between flowers of the same tree resulted in 65% successful pollination measured at five days after pollination.
Also only 5% of the successfully pollinated ovaries developed into mature fruit at the end of the flowering season.
Further, they found that pollens collected at the beginning of anthesis did not germinate but those collected from the fallen phalanges the next morning germinated.
In Thailand, Salakpetch et al., (1992) reported that the stigma was receptive 24 hours before and after anthesis.
They obtained 28.5% fruit set recorded at 2 weeks after anthesis when the stigma of the cultivar, Chanee, was pollinated with pollen from the cultivar, Gaan Yaow, 24 hours before anthesis, 15.48% 24 hours after anthesis, 68.10% at anthesis and a high rate of 81.38% six hours after anthesis.
Recently, in Malaysia George et al., (1993) obtained 54-60% final fruit set from assisted cross pollination of the cultivar D 24 compared with <5% for self-pollination.
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (scribd)]
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (purdue)]
https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/durian_ars.html
Hand-pollination performed during the day on buds that would open in 24 to 36 hours gives a much higher percentage of fruit-set than pollination of opened flowers.
In unopened flowers the style is 1/3 as long as in fully opened flowers and the pollen reaches the ovules more quickly.
Durian seeds lose viability quickly, especially if exposed even briefly to sunlight.
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (purdue)]
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (durianhaven)]
http://durianhaven.com/how-to-grow-durian.html
Chanee variety is said to serve very well as a rootstock(tolerant to phytophthora).
D24 is sensitive even to short dry spells
Chanee tends to drop flowers if watered as much as other varieties.
Many people (including me) savor Thai varieties of durians eaten when mid-ripe, somewhat before totally ripe; totally ripe is usually past their peak of deliciousness.
The Thai durian varieties have evidently been selected and bred over generations to support this customary harvesting-before-ripe.
The fruit stem is cut as long as practically possible, and is often wrapped with a banana leaf or paper, which is said to extend the fruit’s shelf life.
In Malaysia (and elsewhere), it’s a fundamental principle that durians should be allowed to naturally fully ripen on the tree for maximum-quality flavor, aroma, texture, and appearance.
those that have fallen within the past 12 hours command very high prices in the marketplaces; after 12 hours the quality is perceived as having diminished and become ordinary, and the price is reduced.
Phytophthora palmivora is a dreaded fungus disease of durian trees in Southeast Asia.
The organism gains access to the interior tissues of the tree suitable for its growth through natural or pruning wounds
In Thailand, as previously noted, steps are taken to eliminate a moist microclimate at the base of the tree which might support the growth of P. palmivora, such as not using animal manures or mulch, and removing any branches starting to grow below about 1 m [3 feet] height.
Growth of P. palmivora in Southeast Asia is also controlled by using cultivars known to be resistant.
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (durianhaven)]
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (durianinfo)]
http://durianinfo.blogspot.com/p/durian-cultivars-or-clones-cultivated.html
Recommended Cultivars or Varieties For Commercial Planting
Three durian cultivars or clones D24, D99 (Gob kecil), D123 (Chanee) are officially recommended for commercial planting in their respective agroclimatic zones.
These 3 clones are in Class I and have undergone extensive performance evaluation for at least 10 fruiting seasons.
D169 (Tok Litok) is recommended for commercial planting in the Tanah Merah District in Kelantan
(D24)Unfortunately, it is extremely susceptible to Phytophthora and also exhibits physiological uneven pulp ripening.
(D99)This variety crops early and is tolerant to Phytophthora as well as to dry environment.
(D99)This variety is a good pollinizer clone for other varieties.
(D197)Mau Shan Wang is the most popular variety at present.
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (durianinfo)]
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (durianinfo)]
http://durianinfo.blogspot.com/p/7.html
D197 is very susceptible to Leaf Spot disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani
Like many durian clones, D24 is self-incompatible, and when planted as the only clone in an orchard, will produce low yields and uneven fruit shape.
D24 requires cross-pollination from other durian clones for better fruit set.
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (durianinfo)]
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (durianinfo)]
http://durianinfo.blogspot.com/p/origin-and-botany-of-durian.html
A study conducted in Jerantut, Pahang found that a minimum 18 days of dryness with an average rainfall of not more than 1 mm/day during that period was required to initiate flowering.
The flower buds started to emerge 20 days after 8 days of stress and they started to bloom 8 weeks later.
Regular rain from one week before fruit-drop and during fruit-drop caused uneven fruit ripening.
Flowering can also be induced out-of-season after drying the soil by covering with plastic sheets, or through the use of plant growth regulators.
Fruit bats, especially Eonycteris spelaea, are the major pollinators of this durian although the giant honey bee (Apis dorsata) was the most frequent visitor to the flowers.
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (durianinfo)]
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (durianinfo)]
http://durianinfo.blogspot.com/p/uneven-fruit-ropening-or-ufr.html
Wet core or water core makes the core at the centre of the fruit and the flesh of the fruit very moist and soft.
Main cause is heavy rain just before harvesting.
Other factors include a high water table during harvesting and low potassium in the soil.
Results of the study revealed that mulching significantly minimized the incidence of UFR and wet core in durian.
Mulching is the principle of covering the soil surface of the plant’s base with materials such as rice straws and plastic sheets to reduce the infiltration rate of water into the soil and minimize the absorption of water into the roots.
It was observed that the excessive water uptake by plant is the major cause of UFR and wet core.
Wet core is somewhat similar to UFR by the fact that it affects the flesh or pulp of durian giving its pulp a watery and dull taste.
One significant observation obtained from the study is the amount of rain as the major causal agent of UFR in durian.
It was concluded that high rainfall at 200 mm and above during maturity period of durian incurred the highest incidence of UFR and wet core.
Results of the study showed that rainfall triggers the growth of shoots that compete for the nutrients needed by the fruit to attain full maturity and development.
Moreover, the study recommends to apply mulching using plastic sheets one month before maturity or harvesting especially during rainy season.
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (durianinfo)]
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (durianinfo)]
http://durianinfo.blogspot.com/p/why-prune-durian.html
The size of primary branches should not grow more than 30% of the main trunk.
In Thailand, durian plants are normally propagated by grafting or inarching (approach grafting) and the position of the graft should be at about 30-35 cm. above ground level.
This results in a reduction in the risk of phytophthora disease occurring in the scion.
Unproductive branches have diameters wider than 10 cm or less than 4 cm.
When the diameter of primary limbs close to 10 cm, the secondary branches should be encouraged to increase number of productive branches.
As a general guide, not more than one-third of the total wood in a durian tree should be removed in one pruning season.
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (durianinfo)]
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (durianinfo)]
http://durianinfo.blogspot.com/p/durian-seasons-in-durian-production.html
Cultivars Mon Thong and Chanee are the popular ones covering 90% of the area planted(Thailand).
West Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia) has two fruiting seasons because durian is grown in different localities affected by either the north-east or south-west monsoon or both.
The durian growing areas in West Malaysia can be divided into 3 regions influenced by the monsoons
Region 1
North Region covering the states of Perlis, Kedah, Penang and northern Perak
wet weather from August to November
dry weather from December to February.
flowering season is from January to March.
Region 2
West, Central and South Region compries southern Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Malacca, Pahang and Johore.
wet weather occuring from October to December.
two dry spells of 2-3 weeks in January-February and July-August
two durian flowering seasons, February-April and July-September
Region 3
East Coast stretching from Kelantan in the north, down south through Terengganu, coastal region of Pahang to Kota Tinggi in Johore.
wet from October to January, and moderately dry during the rest of the year.
flowering season is between March and June.
[2020-03-17, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (durianinfo)]
[2020-02-02, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (Menteri Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani Malaysia)]
http://www.terengganu.gov.my/maxc2020/appshare/widget/pu_img/76682file/garis%20panduan%20program%20bantuan%20tanam%20semula%20buah-buahan%20terpilih.pdf
D24 (Bukit Merah)
D99 (Kop Kecil)
D197 (Raja Kunyit)
[2020-02-02, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (Menteri Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani Malaysia)]
[2020-02-02, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (tshs)]
http://tshs.org.tw/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=503
In general, the floral initiation is achieved when the draught stress lasted for 15-20 days.
15~20 天的連續乾旱即可滿足榴槤的花芽分化。
Generally, Durian flower starts to bloom at 16:00, pollen sheds from 19:00
一般花朵是在下午四點綻放，花藥在晚上七點開始開裂。
floral parts begin to abscise around 23:00.
雄蕊、花瓣、萼片等自晚上十一點即開始掉落
All of the floral parts except the gynoecium will have abscised by 10:00 on the following day.
隔天早上十點, 多數小花即脫落到僅剩下雌蕊。
Stigma is receptive within 24 hrs before and after full bloom, but receptivity achieves the maximum within 12 hrs after full bloom.
柱頭在開花前後24 小時內均有受粉的能力，但以開花後12 小時內最高。
Fruit set rate is different among cultivars, however, the fruit set of selfing is poor (<10%) for some cultivars, and improves greatly with cross-pollination.
榴槤之結實率因品系而異，有些品種自交結實率甚低(<10%)，通常異交可提高著果率達到49%。
The metaxenia effects of Durian pollen influenced the harvest time of fruit, fruit set and fruit quality.
榴槤花粉對果實之發育有果實直感效應(metaxenia effect)，可以影響果實之熟期，結實率與果實品質
So the pollination tree should be arranged in the orchard with a careful selection of pollination tree cultivar.
所以建園要有適當授粉樹之配置，並慎選授粉樹品種。
[2020-02-02, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, (tshs)]
{Article, 文章, durio_zibethinus.htm, 2020-09-20, Durio zibethinus, Durian, 榴莲, Liu2 lian2, Durian}
