http://nswong.50webs.com/, http://nswong.atwebpages.com/, nswong personal website, nswong 個人網站
https://www.google.com/search?nfpr=1&filter=0&q=nswong, nswong personal website, nswong 個人網站, (Google webpage search, 谷歌網頁搜索)
https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&nfpr=1&filter=0&sout=1&q=nswong, nswong personal website, nswong 個人網站, (Google image search, 谷歌圖片搜索)

{plant_classification.htm, 2021-08-30, Plant classification, 植物分类}

https://www.google.com/search?nfpr=1&filter=0&q=plant_classification.htm, Plant classification, 植物分类, (Google webpage search, 谷歌網頁搜索)
https://www.google.com/search?nfpr=1&filter=0&q=malaysia_common_plant_photo.htm, Malaysia common plant photo, 馬來西亞常見植物照片

{plant_classification.htm, 2021-08-30, Plant classification, 植物分类}


{Article, 文章, plant_classification.htm, 2021-08-30, Plant classification, 植物分类}


[2019-11-12, Corolla, 花冠]

Calcarate corolla: 距狀花冠(5,230)
Campanulate corolla: 鐘形花冠, Zhong1 xing2 hua1 guan1(905,000)
Campanulate corolla: 鐘狀花冠, Zhong1 zhuang4 hua1 guan1(480,000)
Campanulate corolla: 钟形花冠, Zhong1 xing2 hua1 guan1(748,000)
Campanulate corolla: 钟状花冠, Zhong1 zhuang4 hua1 guan1(438,000)
Caryophyllaceous corolla: 石竹形花冠(8,580)
Cruciform corolla: 十字形花冠, Shi2 zi4 xing2 hua1 guan1(106,000)
Cup-shaped corolla: 杯狀花冠(253,000)
Funnel-shaped corolla: 漏斗形花冠, Lou4 dou3 xing2 hua1 guan1(274,000)
Funnel-shaped corolla: 漏斗状花冠, Lou4 dou3 zhuang4 hua1 guan1(479,000)
Funnel-shaped corolla: 漏斗狀花冠, Lou4 dou3 zhuang4 hua1 guan1(523,000)
Labiate corolla: 唇形花冠, Chun2 xing2 hua1 guan1(1,070,000)
Ligulate corolla: 舌状花冠(267,000)
Ligulate corolla: 舌狀花冠(306,000)
Liliaceous corolla: 百合形花冠(22,600)
Orchidaceous corolla: 兰形花冠, Lan2 xing2 hua1 guan1(9,310)
Orchidaceous corolla: 蘭形花冠, Lan2 xing2 hua1 guan1(9,310)
Papilionaceous corolla: 蝶形花冠, Die2 xing2 hua1 guan1(262,000)
Personate corolla: 假面状花冠(10,400)
Rosaceous corolla: 蔷薇形花冠, Qiang2 wei1 xing2 hua1 guan1(8,930)
Rosaceous corolla: 薔薇形花冠, Qiang2 wei1 xing2 hua1 guan1(8,940)
Rosaceous corolla: 薔薇狀花冠, Qiang2 wei1 zhuang4 hua1 guan1(4,120)
Salverform corolla: 高脚碟状花冠(196,000)
Salverform corolla: Hypocrateriform corolla(1,520)
Salverform corolla: Salverform corolla(2,080)
Tubular corolla: 筒状花冠, Tong3 zhuang4 hua1 guan1(661,000)
Tubular corolla: 筒狀花冠, Tong3 zhuang4 hua1 guan1(802,000)
Urceolate corolla: 壺形花冠(32,300)
Urceolate corolla: 壺狀花冠(13,200)
Wheel-shaped corolla: 輪狀花冠, Lun2 zhuang4 hua1 guan1(117,000)
Wheel-shaped corolla: 轮状花冠, Lun2 zhuang4 hua1 guan1(96,000)
Wheel-shaped corolla: 辐状花冠, Fu2 zhuang4 hua1 guan1(94,900)

Ligulate corolla, 舌狀花冠
蒲公英、苦荬菜的头状花序的全部小花
向日葵、菊花等头状花序上的边花
花冠顶端5裂的为舌状花冠, 如蒲公英
花冠顶端3裂的为假舌状花冠, 如向日葵花序周围的花

[2019-11-12, Corolla, 花冠]


[2019-11-12, Inflorescence, 花序]

Capitulum inflorescence: 篮状花序(96)
Catkin inflorescence: 柔荑花序, Rou2 yi2 hua1 xu4(816,000)
Catkin inflorescence: 葇荑花序, Rou2 yi2 hua1 xu4(211,000)
Compound corymb inflorescence: 複繖房花序(8,750)
Compound cyme inflorescence: 複聚繖花序(21,800)
Compound spike inflorescence: 複穗狀花序(9,150)
Compound umbel inflorescence: 複繖形花序(17,800)
Corymb inflorescence: 繖房花序(1,430,000)
Cyathium inflorescence: 大戟花序(308,000)
Cymose inflorescence: 聚伞花序, Ju4 san3 hua1 xu4(460,000)
Cymose inflorescence: 聚繖花序, Ju4 san3 hua1 xu4(478,000)
Head inflorescence: 头状花序(3,760,000)
Head inflorescence: 頭狀花序(5,940,000)
Hypanthodium inflorescence: 隐头花序(268,000)
Hypanthodium inflorescence: 隱頭花序(56,200)
Panicle inflorescence: 圆锥花序(657,000)
Panicle inflorescence: 圓錐花序(657,000)
Raceme inflorescence: 总状花序(6,190,000)
Raceme inflorescence: 總狀花序(6,870,000)
Solitary inflorescence: 單生花序(331,000)
Spadix inflorescence: 佛焰花序, Fo2 yan4 hua1 xu4(267,000)
Spadix inflorescence: 肉穗花序(826,000)
Spike inflorescence: 穗状花序(2,480,000)
Spike inflorescence: 穗狀花序(3,860,000)
Umbel inflorescence: 傘形花序(3,580,000)
Umbel inflorescence: 繖形花序(3,640,000)

Capitulum inflorescence, 篮状花序
Head inflorescence, 頭狀花序
头状花序是穗狀花序花軸短縮而擴展為盤狀或圓球狀
篮状花序外有数轮总苞片

Spike inflorescence, 穗狀花序
穗狀花序的花是無梗的

[2019-11-12, Inflorescence, 花序]


[2014-04-25, Note, 筆記]

Complete flowers: 完全花
Incomplete flowers: 不完全花
Perianth: 花被(花萼 + 花瓣)
Apetalae flower: 無瓣花(萼片)
Monochlamydeous flowers: 單被花(花被中祇有萼片與花瓣者, 菠蔆菜、菾菜等)
Monochlamydeous flower: 單被花(祇有 萼片 或 花瓣)
Achlamydeous flower: 無被花(水稻, 莎草)
Dichlamydeous flower: 雙被花(萼片 + 花瓣)
Petal: 花瓣
Ovary: 子房
Corolla: 花冠
Petals: 花瓣
Pistils: 雌蕊
Pistil: 雌蕊(子房+花柱+柱頭)
Style: 花柱
Stigma: 柱頭
Calyx: 花萼
Pericarp: 果皮(內果皮 + 中果皮 + 外果皮)
Exocarp: 外果皮
Mesocarp: 中果皮
Endocarp: 內果皮
Simple fruit: 單生果
Simple fruit: 单果
Compound fruit: 複合果
Indehiscent fruit: 閉果, Bi4 guo3
Indehiscent fruit: Achenocarp fruit
Dehiscent fruit: 裂果
Seed: 種子
Seed-coat: 種皮
Hilum: 種臍
Embryo: 胚(胚芽 + 子葉 + 下胚軸 + 胚根)
Albumen: Endosperm
Albumen: 胚芽
Hypocotyle: 胚軸(連接子葉和胚根)
Radicle: 胚根(根冠 + 胚根生長點)
Cytoledon: 子葉
Stem: 分枝
Peduncle: 大花梗
Peduncle: 總花梗
Peduncle: 主花梗
Rachis: 脊梗
Rachis: 花軸
Pedicel: 小花梗(個別花朵的梗)
Pedicel: 次花梗
Fruiting stage: 果期
Infructescence: 果序
Bracks: 苞片
Terminal flowers: 尾端花
Unisexual flower: 單性花
Bisexual flower: 兩性花
Bisexual flower: Hermaphrodite flower
Neutral flower: 中性花(無雌雄蕊)
Monoecious: 雌雄同株
Dioecious: 雌雄異株
Polygamous: 雜性花同株(同一植株上有單性花和兩性花)
Ovule: 胚珠
Style: 花柱
Stigma: 柱頭
Caryx: 花萼
Sepal: 萼片
Calyx: 花萼
Pistil: 雌蕊(子房 + 花柱 + 柱頭)
Sepals: 萼片
Perianth: 花被(花萼 + 花冠)
Style: 花柱
Stigma: 柱頭
Receptacle: 花托(花柄頂端部份)
Bract: 苞片(花或花序基部葉狀體)
Involucre: 總苞(包覆花序的葉狀體)
Corona: 副花冠
Chorisepalous: 離萼
Gamosepalous: 合萼
Petaloid: 瓣狀萼
Caducous cylax: 散萼(花開時萼片脫落)
Deciduous calyx: 落萼(萼片與花瓣同時脫落)
Persistent calyx: 宿萼(萼片在果實成熟時仍存在)

[2014-04-25, Note, 筆記]


[2014-04-17, Regular corolla, 整齐花冠]

輪狀花冠
筒狀花冠
鐘狀花冠
杯狀花冠
漏斗狀花冠
十字花冠
高脚碟状花冠
百合形花冠
薔薇狀花冠
石竹形花冠
壺狀花冠

Actinomorphic corolla: 整齊花冠(9,040)
Regular corolla: 整齐花冠(9,040)
Regular corolla: Actinomorphic corolla(1,680)
Regular corolla: Regular corolla(12,500)

[2014-04-17, Regular corolla, 整齐花冠]


[2014-04-17, Irregular corolla, 不整齊花冠]

蝶形花冠
舌狀花冠
唇形花冠
假面花冠
距狀花冠
蘭形花冠
盔瓣狀花冠
靴狀花冠
不整形花冠

Irregular corolla: 不整齊花冠(67,400)
Irregular corolla: 不整齐花冠(63,300)
Irregular corolla: Irregular corolla(8,570)
Irregular corolla: Zygomorphic corolla(2,050)

[2014-04-17, Irregular corolla, 不整齊花冠]


[2014-04-14, Stamen, 雄蕊]

[Distinct stamens, 離生雄蕊]
Indefinite stamens: 無限雄蕊
Didynamous stamens: 二強雄蕊
Tetradynamous stamens: 四強雄蕊

[Syndunamous stamens, 合生雄蕊]
Monadelphous stamens: 單体雄蕊
Diadelphous stamens: 兩体雄蕊
Polyadelphous stamens: 多体雄蕊
Synantherous stamens: 聚藥雄蕊

Stamens: 雄蕊(花絲 + 花藥)
Filaments: 花絲
Anther: 花藥
Pollen: 花粉(存在花藥中)
Stamens: 雄蕊

[2014-04-14, Stamen, 雄蕊]


[2014-04-09, Open inflorescence, 無限花序]

圆锥花序
穗狀花序
總狀花序
繖形花序
繖房花序
肉穗花序
葇荑花序
複穗狀花序
複總狀花序
複繖形花序
複繖房花序
隱頭花序
頭狀花序

Open inflorescence: 單軸花序(65)
Open inflorescence: 无限花序(24,700)
Open inflorescence: 無限花序(24,700)
Open inflorescence: 開放花序(12,400)
Open inflorescence: Indeterminate inflorescence(5,420)
Open inflorescence: Infinite inflorescence(60)
Open inflorescence: Monopodial inflorescence(72)
Open inflorescence: Open inflorescence(6,500)

[2014-04-09, Open inflorescence, 無限花序]


[2014-04-09, Definite inflorescence, 有限花序]

二出聚繖花序
凹形聚繖花序
單生花
單頂花序
團聚花序
大戟花序
扇狀聚繖花序
歧繖花序
總狀聚繖花序
繖形聚繖花序
聚伞花序
聚繖花序
蝎尾狀聚繖花序
蝸牛狀聚繖花序
複聚繖花序
變形聚繖花序
鎌狀聚繖花序

Definite inflorescence: 合軸花序(66)
Definite inflorescence: 有限花序(16,800)
Definite inflorescence: Closed inflorescence(98)
Definite inflorescence: Definite inflorescence(8,310)
Definite inflorescence: Determinate inflorescence(3,190)
Definite inflorescence: Sympodial inflorescence(1,260)

Acropetal maturation: 向頂成熟有限花序
Basipetal maturation: 向基成熟有限花序
Divergent maturation: 發散成熟有限花序

[2014-04-09, Definite inflorescence, 有限花序]


[2014-04-02, Sympetalous corolla, 合瓣花冠]

鐘狀花冠
輪狀花冠
筒狀花冠
高脚碟状花冠
漏斗狀花冠
壺狀花冠
舌狀花冠
唇形花冠

合瓣花冠: 結合部分為 花筒/花冠管(tube), 花筒開口部分為喉部(throat)，花瓣分離部分為 弦部/裂片(limb)

[2014-04-02, Sympetalous corolla, 合瓣花冠]


[2014-04-02, Choripetalous corolla, 離瓣花冠, 离瓣花冠]

薔薇狀花冠
十字花冠
蝶形花冠

[2014-04-02, Choripetalous corolla, 離瓣花冠, 离瓣花冠]


{Article, 文章, plant_classification.htm, 2021-08-30, Plant classification, 植物分类}

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